Ma diode otulutsa kuwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zotulutsa kuwala zomwe zimatulutsa mphamvu kudzera pakuphatikizanso ma elekitironi ndi mabowo kuti atulutse kuwala.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yowunikira.[1] Ma diode otulutsa kuwala amatha kusintha bwino mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yopepuka komanso kukhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana masiku ano, monga kuyatsa, mawonedwe a flat panel, ndi zida zamankhwala.[2]

Zida zamagetsi zamtunduwu zidawoneka kale mu 1962. M'masiku oyambilira, amangotulutsa kuwala kofiira kocheperako.Pambuyo pake, matembenuzidwe ena a monochromatic anapangidwa.Kuwala komwe kumatha kutulutsidwa masiku ano kwafalikira ku kuwala kowoneka bwino, kuwala kwa infrared ndi ultraviolet, ndipo kuwalako kwakulanso kwambiri.Kuwala.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati magetsi owonetsera, mapepala owonetsera, ndi zina zotero;ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwaukadaulo, ma diode otulutsa kuwala akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powonetsa ndi kuyatsa.

Monga ma diode wamba, ma diode otulutsa kuwala amapangidwa ndi mphambano ya PN, ndipo amakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe a unidirectional.Mphamvu yakutsogolo ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa diode yotulutsa kuwala, mabowo omwe amabadwira kuchokera kudera la P kupita kudera la N ndi ma elekitironi omwe amabayidwa kuchokera kudera la N kupita ku P amalumikizana ndi ma elekitironi omwe ali mdera la N ndi ma voids. m'dera la P mkati mwa ma microns ochepa a PN mp3.Mabowowo amaphatikizananso ndikutulutsa fluorescence modzidzimutsa.Mphamvu za ma elekitironi ndi mabowo muzinthu zosiyanasiyana za semiconductor ndizosiyana.Ma electron ndi mabowo akaphatikizananso, mphamvu yotulutsidwa imakhala yosiyana.Mphamvu zambiri zikatulutsidwa, kuwala kotulutsa kuwala kumafupikitsa.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma diode omwe amatulutsa kuwala kofiira, kobiriwira kapena kwachikasu.Magetsi obwerera kumbuyo a diode-emitting diode ndi wamkulu kuposa 5 volts.Mapiritsi ake a kutsogolo kwa volt-ampere ndi otsetsereka kwambiri, ndipo amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatizana ndi choletsa choletsa kuwongolera pakali pano kudzera mu diode.

Gawo lapakati la diode yotulutsa kuwala ndi chowotcha chopangidwa ndi semiconductor yamtundu wa P ndi semiconductor yamtundu wa N.Pali gawo losinthira pakati pa semiconductor yamtundu wa P ndi semiconductor yamtundu wa N, yomwe imatchedwa PN junction.Mu mphambano ya PN ya zipangizo zina za semiconductor, pamene zonyamulira zochepa zomwe zimabayidwa ndi zonyamulira zambiri zimagwirizanitsa, mphamvu yowonjezereka imatulutsidwa ngati kuwala, potero kutembenuza mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yowunikira.Ndi voliyumu yakumbuyo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagawo a PN, ndizovuta kubaya zonyamulira zazing'ono, kotero sizimatulutsa kuwala.Zikakhala kuti zikuyenda bwino (ndiko kuti, mpweya wabwino umagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto onse awiri), pamene magetsi akuyenda kuchokera ku anode ya LED kupita ku cathode, kristalo ya semiconductor imatulutsa kuwala kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku ultraviolet kupita ku infrared.Kuchuluka kwa kuwala kumayenderana ndi magetsi.